Details for anatomical structure: platelet
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- General information
- Related structures
- Hormones
- Receptors
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- Top
- General information
- Related structures
- Hormones
- Receptors
-
Click to access the toolbox
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Synonyms
platelet, thrombocyte, blood platelet, blood disk, thromboplastid, ThrombocytusGeneral information
nucleusless; important for blood coagulation; contain different forms of granulesLinks to other resources
Cytomer | cy0011373 |
Related structures
Larger structures
Substructures
Secreted hormones
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Hormone: histamine
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Hormone: PF-4
- Released during platelet aggregation. [1]
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Hormone: osteonectin
- Human platelets contain and secrete osteonectin, a major protein of mineralized bone. [2]
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Hormone: osteocalcin
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Hormone: thrombospondin 1
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Hormone: CD40-L
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Hormone: galectin-1
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Hormone: NAP-2
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Hormone: PAF
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Hormone: soluble P-selectin
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Hormone: TXA2
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Hormone: lysophosphatidic acid
- LPA is produced in activated platelets. [3]
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Hormone: sphingosine 1-phosphate
- Platelets can secrete S1P when activated by thrombin or IgE-bound antigen, respectively. [4]
Receptors
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Receptor: IgE Fc receptor gamma-subunit
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Receptor: transferrin receptor 2
Induced phenotype:
- regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport
- TfR2 binds diferric transferrin (Tf) and can mediate the uptake of Tf-bound iron into cells. TfR2 serves as a receptor for Tf-bound iron in human platelets. [5]
- Hemochromatosis protein can influence cellular iron levels. The body iron status can alter platelet count, size and activation. [6]
- Platelets contain hemochromatosis protein, and also TfR2 was detectable in platelets. [7]
- regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport
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Receptor: thrombospondin receptor
Induced phenotype:
- regulation of cell adhesion
- CD36, identified as a platelet integral membrane glycoprotein, is known as a receptor for thrombospondin-1, which is found in platelets alpha granules and participates in cell attachment. [8]
- regulation of cell adhesion
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Receptor: CD40
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Receptor: PAF-R
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Receptor: CCR4
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Receptor: PGI receptor
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Receptor: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1
Induced phenotype:
- atherosclerosis
- The effect of LPA on platelets may be species-specific, because LPA was found to inhibit platelet activation in mice. [9]
- LPA has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis during early (barrier dysfunction and monocyte adhesion of the endothelium) and later phases (platelet activation and thrombosis). [10]
- LPA was found to accumulate in the thrombogenic lipid-rich core of atherosclerotic plaques. Pharmacological studies identified LPA1 as primary mediator of LPA-induced platelet activation. [11]
- atherosclerosis
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Receptor: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3
Induced phenotype:
- atherosclerosis
- LPA has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis during early (barrier dysfunction and monocyte adhesion of the endothelium) and later phases (platelet activation and thrombosis). [10]
- LPA was found to accumulate in the thrombogenic lipid-rich core of atherosclerotic plaques. Pharmacological studies identified LPA3 as primary mediator of LPA-induced platelet activation. [11]
- The effect of LPA on platelets may be species-specific, because LPA was found to inhibit platelet activation in mice. [9]
- atherosclerosis
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Receptor: Psychosine receptor
Induced phenotype:
- negative regulation of protein kinase activity
- Lysosphingolipids potently and reversibly inhibited protein kinase C activity and binding of phorbol dibutyrate in vitro and in human platelets. [12]
- negative regulation of protein kinase activity
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Receptor: 5-HT-2A
Induced phenotype:
- platelet aggregation
- regulation of serum calcium levels
- Agonist binding to 5-HT 2A receptor activates the IP3 second messenger system and leads to the mobilization of cytosolic calcium. [15]