Status
Please wait ...

Details for anatomical structure: platelet

EndoNet ID: ENC00013

To link to the content of EndoNet use the EndoNet ID that is given on the detail pages in the format ENX0000, where X is a place holder for the type of the component (e. g. R for receptor or C for anatomical structure).
As URL for the linking append this ID to the detail page for this type of component.
For an hormone that would be: 

http://endonet.bioinf.med.uni-goettingen.de/hormone/ENH00000

It is also possible to use the search of EndoNet to link to the right detail page. The URL should look like 

http://endonet.bioinf.med.uni-goettingen.de/search/ENC00000
If the search pattern is unambigious the user is directed to the corresponding detail page.

Synonyms

platelet, thrombocyte, blood platelet, blood disk, thromboplastid, Thrombocytus

General information

nucleusless; important for blood coagulation; contain different forms of granules

Links to other resources

Cytomer cy0011373

Larger structures

  • circulatory_system__hematopoietic_system
  • parts_of_human_body
  • immune_system
  • blood
  • spleen

Substructures

    Secreted hormones

    • Hormone: histamine

    • Hormone: PF-4

      • Released during platelet aggregation. [1]

    • Hormone: osteonectin

      • Human platelets contain and secrete osteonectin, a major protein of mineralized bone. [2]

    • Hormone: osteocalcin

    • Hormone: thrombospondin 1

    • Hormone: CD40-L

    • Hormone: galectin-1

    • Hormone: NAP-2

    • Hormone: PAF

    • Hormone: soluble P-selectin

    • Hormone: TXA2

    • Hormone: lysophosphatidic acid

      • LPA is produced in activated platelets. [3]

    • Hormone: sphingosine 1-phosphate

      • Platelets can secrete S1P when activated by thrombin or IgE-bound antigen, respectively. [4]

    Receptors

    • Receptor: IgE Fc receptor gamma-subunit

    • Receptor: transferrin receptor 2

      Induced phenotype:

      • regulation of iron ion transmembrane transport
        • TfR2 binds diferric transferrin (Tf) and can mediate the uptake of Tf-bound iron into cells. TfR2 serves as a receptor for Tf-bound iron in human platelets. [5]
        • Hemochromatosis protein can influence cellular iron levels. The body iron status can alter platelet count, size and activation. [6]
        • Platelets contain hemochromatosis protein, and also TfR2 was detectable in platelets. [7]

    • Receptor: thrombospondin receptor

      Induced phenotype:

      • regulation of cell adhesion
        • CD36, identified as a platelet integral membrane glycoprotein, is known as a receptor for thrombospondin-1, which is found in platelets alpha granules and participates in cell attachment. [8]

    • Receptor: CD40

    • Receptor: PAF-R

    • Receptor: CCR4

    • Receptor: PGI receptor

    • Receptor: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1

      Induced phenotype:

      • atherosclerosis
        • The effect of LPA on platelets may be species-specific, because LPA was found to inhibit platelet activation in mice. [9]
        • LPA has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis during early (barrier dysfunction and monocyte adhesion of the endothelium) and later phases (platelet activation and thrombosis). [10]
        • LPA was found to accumulate in the thrombogenic lipid-rich core of atherosclerotic plaques. Pharmacological studies identified LPA1 as primary mediator of LPA-induced platelet activation. [11]

    • Receptor: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 3

      Induced phenotype:

      • atherosclerosis
        • LPA has been implicated in the development of atherosclerosis during early (barrier dysfunction and monocyte adhesion of the endothelium) and later phases (platelet activation and thrombosis). [10]
        • LPA was found to accumulate in the thrombogenic lipid-rich core of atherosclerotic plaques. Pharmacological studies identified LPA3 as primary mediator of LPA-induced platelet activation. [11]
        • The effect of LPA on platelets may be species-specific, because LPA was found to inhibit platelet activation in mice. [9]

    • Receptor: Psychosine receptor

      Induced phenotype:

      • negative regulation of protein kinase activity
        • Lysosphingolipids potently and reversibly inhibited protein kinase C activity and binding of phorbol dibutyrate in vitro and in human platelets. [12]

    • Receptor: 5-HT-2A

      Induced phenotype:

      • platelet aggregation
        • The 5-HT 2A receptors occur peripherally on platelets and their function is platelet aggregation. [13]
        • Inhibiton of platelet aggregation by 5-HT 2 receptor blocking. [14]
      • regulation of serum calcium levels
        • Agonist binding to 5-HT 2A receptor activates the IP3 second messenger system and leads to the mobilization of cytosolic calcium. [15]
    Reference