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Details for messenger / hormone: epinephrine

EndoNet ID: ENH00022

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Synonyms

  • epinephrine
  • L-adrenaline
  • adrenaline

General information

  • Epinephrine potentiates muscle twitches via the second messenger, cAMP, secondary to hormone binding to membrane-bound beta-receptors. [1]
  • Psychologic states produced by environmental or physiologic stresses are associated with hypersecretion of adrenal hormones, particularly epinephrine and the glucocorticoids. [2]
  • In humans, adrenaline stimulates lipolysis, ketogenesis, thermogenesis and glycolysis and raises plasma glucose concentrations by stimulating both glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis. [3]
  • Epinephrine stimulates prejunctional beta 2-adrenergic receptors that facilitate norepinephrine release from sympathetic nerve endings. [4]
  • Catecholamines are able to down-regulate PAI-1 expression and secretion in human adipocytes via beta-adrenergic receptors. [5]
  • Epinephrine restores the mannose 6-phosphate receptor in adults to levels seen in the neonate. [6]
  • The innervation of the adrenal medulla regulates the release of catecholamines from the two, epinephrine (EPI) and norepinephrine (NE), populations of chromaffin cells. [7]

Classification

Hormone function

  • homeostasis
    • cardiovascular control

    Chemical classification

    • hormone
      • not genome-encoded
        • amino acids
          • tyrosine-derived
            • catecholamines

      Composition

      KEGG C00788

      Links to other resources

      • Anatomical structure: chromaffin_cell

      • Anatomical structure: adrenal_gland

      • Anatomical structure: adrenal_medulla

        Influenced by:

        • PACAP-R-1
          in adrenal_medulla
          • VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, PAC(1)-Rs being coupled to AC. [8]
        • VPAC1
          in adrenal_medulla
          • VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, VPAC1 being coupled to both AC and PLC. [8]
        • VPAC2
          in adrenal_medulla
          • VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect,VPAC2 being coupled to PLC. [8]

      Targets

      Cellalpha 1 adrenoceptoralpha 2 adrenoceptoralpha-2A adrenoreceptoralpha-2B adrenoreceptorbeta-1 adrenoreceptorbeta-2 adrenoreceptorbeta-3 adrenoreceptor
      adipose tissue Present
      Influences
      • ↓ leptin
      		Present
      Phenotypes
      • positive regulation of lipid catabolic process
      adrenal gland Present
      Phenotypes
      • Pheochromocytoma
      basket cell Present
      		Present
      beta cell of islet of Langerhans Present
      Influences
      • ↑ insulin
      		Present
      Influences
      • ↑ insulin
      cardiac muscle Present
      Phenotypes
      • positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction
      		Present
      Phenotypes
      • positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction
      		Present
      cerebellar cortex Present
      Influences
      • ↓ norepinephrine
      • ↓ acetylcholine
      		Present
      Influences
      • ↓ norepinephrine
      • ↓ acetylcholine
      cerebellar cortex Present
      		Present
      dentate nucleus Present
      fat cell Present
      Influences
      • ↓ leptin
      		Present
      Influences
      • ↓ PAI-1
      • ↓ leptin
      		Present
      Influences
      • ↑ insulin
      Golgi cell Present
      Phenotypes
      • regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic membrane potential
      		Present
      Phenotypes
      • regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic membrane potential
      granular layer of cerebellar cortex Present
      Phenotypes
      • regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential
      		Present
      Phenotypes
      • regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential
      kidney Present
      Influences
      • ↑ renin
      lymphocyte Present
      mast cell Present
      Phenotypes
      • negative regulation of angiogenesis
      		Present
      Phenotypes
      • negative regulation of angiogenesis
      Influences
      • ↓ histamine
      osteoblast Present
      Influences
      • ↑ interleukin 6
      • ↑ IL-11
      peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) Present
      pineal cell Present
      Influences
      • ↑ melatonin
      Purkinje cell Present
      Phenotypes
      • regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic membrane potential
      		Present
      Phenotypes
      • regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic membrane potential
      Reference