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Details for messenger / hormone: pentraxin 3

EndoNet ID: ENH00206

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Synonyms

  • tumor necrosis factor-inducible gene 14 protein
  • pentaxin-related protein PTX3
  • pentraxin-related protein PTX3
  • pentraxin 3
  • PTX3
  • pentaxin-related protein
  • tumor necrosis factor-inducible protein
  • TSG-14
  • PENTAXIN 3

General information

  • PTX3 produced by PTEC (proximal renal tubular epithelial cells) is functionally active in binding C1q. [1]
  • PTX3 belongs to the family of 'long pentraxins', which have C-terminal pentraxin domains and novel amino-terminal domains. [2]
  • The long pentraxin Ptx3 is a secreted pattern-recognition receptor that has a non-redundant role in resistance to selected microbial agents, in particular to the opportunistic fungal pathogen Aspergillus fumigatus. [3]
  • PTX3 increases TF (tissue factor) expression, thus potentially playing a role in thrombogenesis and wound healing. [4]
  • Selective recognition of fibroblast growth factor-2 by the long pentraxin PTX3 inhibits angiogenesis. [5]
  • PTX3 inhibits phagocytosis of late apoptotic PMNs (polymorphonuclear leukocytes) by monocyte-derived macrophages in a dose-dependent manner. [6]
  • the acute-phase protein pentraxin-3 (PTX3), which has C-terminal sequence homology with the classic pentraxin C-reactive protein (CRP), was described to be increased in patients with myocardial infarction. [7]
  • PTX3 takes an acitve part in the first-line defense of the host against invading pathogenic microorganisms and in the clearance of the host's own apoptotic cells. [8]
  • PTX3 acts as a functional ancestor of antibodies, recognizing microbes, activating complement, and facilitating pathogen recognition by phagocytes, hence playing a nonredundant role in resistance against selected pathogens. [9]
  • PTX3 is essential in female fertility because it acts as a nodal point for the assembly of the cumulus oophorus hyaluronan-rich extracellular matrix. [9]
  • IFN-gamma-inducible protein 10 and pentraxin 3 plasma levels are tools for monitoring inflammation and disease activity in Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection. [10]
  • PTX3 can both inhibit and activate the classical complement pathway by binding C1q, depending on the way it is presented. [11]
  • Knockout of pentraxin 3, a downstream target of growth differentiation factor-9, causes female subfertility. [12]
  • Long pentraxin PTX3 upregulates tissue factor expression in human endothelial cells: a novel link between vascular inflammation and clotting activation. [13]
  • The long pentraxin PTX3 binds to apoptotic cells and regulates their clearance by antigen-presenting dendritic cells. [14]
  • Interferon-gamma inhibits expression of the long pentraxin PTX3 in human monocytes. [15]

Classification

Hormone function

  • immune response
    • activation

    Chemical classification

    Composition

    Sequence 
    MHLLAILFC ALWSAVLAE NSDDYDLMY 
VNLDNEIDN GLHPTEDPT PCDCGQEHS 
EWDKLFIML ENSQMRERM LLQATDDVL 
RGELQRLRE ELGRLAESL ARPCAPGAP 
AEARLTSAL DELLQATRD AGRRLARME 
GAEAQRPEE AGRALAAVL EELRQTRAD 
LHAVQGWAA RSWLPAGCE TAILFPMRS 
KKIFGSVHP VRPMRLESF SACIWVKAT 
DVLNKTILF SYGTKRNPY EIQLYLSYQ 
SIVFVVGGE ENKLVAEAM VSLGRWTHL 
CGTWNSEEG LTSLWVNGE LAATTVEMA 
TGHIVPEGG ILQIGQEKN GCCVGGGFD 
ETLAFSGRL TGFNIWDSV LSNEEIRET 
GGAESCHIR GNIVGWGVT EIQPHGGAQ 
YVS

    Links to other resources

    UniProt P26022
    Ensembl ENST00000295927
    KEGG hsa:5806

    • Anatomical structure: dendritic_cell_in_lymphoid_tissues

      • Production of the soluble pattern recognition receptor PTX3 by myeloid, but not plasmacytoid, dendritic cells. [16]
      • PTX3 is produced by a variety of cells and tissues, most notably dendritic cells and macrophages, in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) engagement and inflammatory cytokines. [9]
      • PTX3 is made by diverse cell types, most prominently endothelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, in response to primary inflammatory signals (e.g. interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)). [17]

    • Anatomical structure: kidney

      • Human renal epithelial cells produce the long pentraxin PTX3. [1]
      • Interleukin (IL)-1 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) stimulation strongly enhance the expression and production of PTX3 in PTECs in a dose- and time-dependent manner. [1]

    • Anatomical structure: smooth_muscle

      • PTX3 is produced by different cell types of the vessel wall, including SMCs. [18]
      • Modified atherogenic lipoproteins induce expression of pentraxin-3 by human vascular smooth muscle cells. [7]

    • Anatomical structure: continuous_vascular_endothelial_cell_of_blood_vessels_and_lymphatics

      • PTX3 is made by diverse cell types, most prominently endothelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, in response to primary inflammatory signals (e.g. interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)). [17]

    • Anatomical structure: macrophage

      • PTX3 is made by diverse cell types, most prominently endothelial cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, in response to primary inflammatory signals (e.g. interleukin-1 (IL-1), tumour necrosis factor (TNF), lipopolysaccharide (LPS)). [17]
      • PTX3 is produced by a variety of cells and tissues, most notably dendritic cells and macrophages, in response to Toll-like receptor (TLR) engagement and inflammatory cytokines. [9]

    Targets

    Cell
    No records found.
    Reference