Details for anatomical structure: adrenal medulla

Related structures
Hormones
Receptors
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EndoNet ID: ENC00011

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Synonyms

adrenal medulla, medulla of suprarenal gland, suprarenal medulla, medulla of adrenal gland, Medulla glandulae suprarenalis

General information

The internal part of the suprarenal gland which contains masses of chromaffin cells filled with venous sinusoids; it is composed principally of anastomosing cords of cells in the core of the gland; the cells display a chromaffine reaction because of the presence of epinephrine and norepinephrine in their granules

Links to other resources

Cytomer

cy0000530

Larger structures

adrenal_gland

Substructures

Secreted hormones

Hormone: norepinephrine
Influenced by:
- PACAP-R-1
  in adrenal_medulla
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, PACAP-R-1 being coupled to AC. [1]
- VPAC1
  in adrenal_medulla
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, VPAC1 being coupled to both AC and PLC. [1]
- VPAC2
  in adrenal_medulla
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, VPAC2 being coupled to PLC. [1]
Hormone: acetylcholine
Influenced by:
- CB1
  in adrenal_gland
  Stimulation of the CB1 receptor results in the inhibition of a range of excitatory and inhibitory neurotransmitters, like acetylcholine, noradrenaline, dopamine, 5-hydroxytryptamine, D-aspartate and cholecystokinin. [2]
Hormone: ADM
Hormone: dopamine
Influenced by:
- PACAP-R-1
  in adrenal_medulla
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, PACAP-R-1 being coupled to AC. [1]
- VPAC1
  in adrenal_medulla
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, VPAC1 being coupled to both AC and PLC. [1]
- VPAC2
  in adrenal_medulla
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, VPAC2 being coupled to PLC. [1]
Hormone: epinephrine
Influenced by:
- PACAP-R-1
  in adrenal_medulla
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, PAC(1)-Rs being coupled to AC. [1]
- VPAC1
  in adrenal_medulla
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, VPAC1 being coupled to both AC and PLC. [1]
- VPAC2
  in adrenal_medulla
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect,VPAC2 being coupled to PLC. [1]

Receptors

Receptor: dopamine receptor D2
Receptor: dopamine receptor D1
Receptor: dopamine receptor D4
Receptor: dopamine receptor D5
Receptor: frizzled 10
Receptor: M1
Influences:
- acetylcholine
  
  Muscarinic receptor stimulation was also found to enhance nicotineinduced catecholamine secretion by 1.7-fold if muscarine wasa dded 30 s before nicotine addition. [3]
Receptor: M3
Influences:
- acetylcholine
  
  Muscarinic receptor stimulation was also found to enhance nicotineinduced catecholamine secretion by 1.7-fold if muscarine wasa dded 30 s before nicotine addition. [3]
Receptor: M4
Influences:
- acetylcholine
  
  Muscarinic receptor stimulation was also found to enhance nicotineinduced catecholamine secretion by 1.7-fold if muscarine wasa dded 30 s before nicotine addition. [3]
Receptor: M2
Influences:
- acetylcholine
  
  Muscarinic receptor stimulation was also found to enhance nicotineinduced catecholamine secretion by 1.7-fold if muscarine wasa dded 30 s before nicotine addition. [3]
Receptor: M5
Influences:
- acetylcholine
  
  Muscarinic receptor stimulation was also found to enhance nicotineinduced catecholamine secretion by 1.7-fold if muscarine wasa dded 30 s before nicotine addition. [3]
Receptor: alpha7nAChR
Receptor: Neuronal acetylcholine receptor subunit beta-2
Receptor: Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta
Receptor: Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma
Receptor: Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta
Receptor: CHRNA1-2
Receptor: BMP receptor type II
Induced phenotype:
- regulation of cell fate specification
  
  In addition to the developmental context, BMPs secreted locally by the adrenal cortex are good candidates that could also modify the cellular fate of tissue progenitor cells in the adult adrenal medulla. [4]
- negative regulation of catecholamine biosynthetic process
  
  BMPs have the potential to influence aldosterone-dependent dopamine production. [5]
  BMPs are thought to influence catecholamine production of adrenomedullary cells via an indirect mechanism through interfering with steroid hormone-dependent signalling pathways. [6]
  BMPs can inhibit dopamine expression and reduced DOPA decarboxylase mRNA expression in a dose-dependent manner, thereby acting antagonistic to glucocorticoids. [6]
Receptor: BMP receptor type IB
Induced phenotype:
- positive regulation of adrenal development
  
  The introduction of a constitutively active type I BMP receptor in neural crest cells is sufficient to induce the development of adrenergic cells. [7]
  Reduction of BMP-4-induced signalling is assiciated with smaller adrenal size in sheep. [8]
  BMP is important for regulation of adrenal development, specially of adrenomedullary cell specification from neural crest. [4]
Receptor: VPAC2
Influences:
- ACTH
  
  There is proof that VIP and PACAP can also enhance aldosterone secretion indirectly, by eliciting the release from medullary chromaffin cells of catecholamines and adrenocorticotropic hormone, which in turn may act on the cortical cells in a paracrine manner. [1]
- dopamine
  
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, VPAC2 being coupled to PLC. [1]
- norepinephrine
  
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, VPAC2 being coupled to PLC. [1]
- epinephrine
  
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect,VPAC2 being coupled to PLC. [1]
Receptor: VPAC1
Influences:
- ACTH
  
  There is proof that VIP and PACAP can also enhance aldosterone secretion indirectly, by eliciting the release from medullary chromaffin cells of catecholamines and adrenocorticotropic hormone, which in turn may act on the cortical cells in a paracrine manner. [1]
- dopamine
  
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, VPAC1 being coupled to both AC and PLC. [1]
- norepinephrine
  
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, VPAC1 being coupled to both AC and PLC. [1]
- epinephrine
  
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, VPAC1 being coupled to both AC and PLC. [1]
Receptor: PACAP-R-1
- PACAP-R-1 expression exclusively occurs in the adrenal medulla. [9]
Influences:
- dopamine
  
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, PACAP-R-1 being coupled to AC. [1]
- norepinephrine
  
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, PACAP-R-1 being coupled to AC. [1]
- epinephrine
  
  VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, PAC(1)-Rs being coupled to AC. [1]

Reference

EndoNet

The information resource about the endocrine network in human.

Details for anatomical structure: adrenal medulla

Synonyms

General information

Links to other resources

Related structures

Larger structures

Substructures

Secreted hormones

Hormone: norepinephrine ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt91_0_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt91:0:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt91_0_j_idt99',{id:'j_idt91:0:j_idt99',target:'j_idt91:0:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Influenced by:

Hormone: acetylcholine ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt91_1_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt91:1:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt91_1_j_idt99',{id:'j_idt91:1:j_idt99',target:'j_idt91:1:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Influenced by:

Hormone: ADM ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt91_2_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt91:2:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt91_2_j_idt99',{id:'j_idt91:2:j_idt99',target:'j_idt91:2:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Hormone: dopamine ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt91_3_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt91:3:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt91_3_j_idt99',{id:'j_idt91:3:j_idt99',target:'j_idt91:3:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Influenced by:

Hormone: epinephrine ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt91_4_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt91:4:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt91_4_j_idt99',{id:'j_idt91:4:j_idt99',target:'j_idt91:4:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Influenced by:

Receptors

Receptor: dopamine receptor D2 ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_0_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:0:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_0_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:0:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:0:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Receptor: dopamine receptor D1 ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_1_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:1:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_1_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:1:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:1:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Receptor: dopamine receptor D4 ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_2_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:2:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_2_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:2:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:2:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Receptor: dopamine receptor D5 ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_3_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:3:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_3_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:3:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:3:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Receptor: frizzled 10 ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_4_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:4:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_4_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:4:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:4:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Receptor: M1 ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_5_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:5:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_5_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:5:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:5:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Influences:

Receptor: M3 ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_6_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:6:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_6_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:6:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:6:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Influences:

Receptor: M4 ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_7_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:7:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_7_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:7:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:7:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Influences:

Receptor: M2 ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_8_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:8:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_8_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:8:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:8:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Influences:

Receptor: M5 ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_9_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:9:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_9_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:9:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:9:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Influences:

Receptor: alpha7nAChR ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_10_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:10:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_10_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:10:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:10:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Receptor: Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_12_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:12:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_12_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:12:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:12:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Receptor: Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_13_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:13:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_13_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:13:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:13:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Receptor: Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_14_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:14:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_14_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:14:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:14:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Receptor: CHRNA1-2 ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_15_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:15:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_15_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:15:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:15:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Receptor: BMP receptor type II ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_16_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:16:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_16_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:16:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:16:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Induced phenotype:

Receptor: BMP receptor type IB ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_17_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:17:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_17_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:17:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:17:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Induced phenotype:

Receptor: VPAC2 ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_18_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:18:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_18_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:18:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:18:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Influences:

Receptor: VPAC1 ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_19_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:19:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_19_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:19:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:19:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Influences:

Receptor: PACAP-R-1 ui-buttonPrimeFaces.cw('CommandButton','widget_j_idt139_20_toolsBtn',{id:'j_idt139:20:toolsBtn'}); $(function(){PrimeFaces.cw('OverlayPanel','widget_j_idt139_20_j_idt145',{id:'j_idt139:20:j_idt145',target:'j_idt139:20:toolsBtn',dynamic:true});});

Influences:

Hormone: norepinephrine

Hormone: acetylcholine

Hormone: ADM

Hormone: dopamine

Hormone: epinephrine

Receptor: dopamine receptor D2

Receptor: dopamine receptor D1

Receptor: dopamine receptor D4

Receptor: dopamine receptor D5

Receptor: frizzled 10

Receptor: M1

Receptor: M3

Receptor: M4

Receptor: M2

Receptor: M5

Receptor: alpha7nAChR

Receptor: Acetylcholine receptor subunit delta

Receptor: Acetylcholine receptor subunit gamma

Receptor: Acetylcholine receptor subunit beta

Receptor: CHRNA1-2

Receptor: BMP receptor type II

Receptor: BMP receptor type IB

Receptor: VPAC2

Receptor: VPAC1

Receptor: PACAP-R-1