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Details for messenger / hormone: cortisol

EndoNet ID: ENH00019

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Synonyms

  • cortisol
  • 11beta,17alpha,21-Trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione
  • hydrocortisone
  • 11beta,17,21-trihydroxy-4-pregnene-3,20-dione
  • Hydrocortisone

General information

  • The synthesis of IGFs in osteoblasts is down-regulated by many locally produced growth factors, particularly transforming growth factor beta (TGF-beta) and cortisol, and this probably accounts for the osteoporotic effects of this steroid, whereas PTH is stimulatory. [1]
  • Cortisol has aldosterone-like affects in the kidney. [2]
  • The circadian variation in serum cortisol is responsible for the circadian pattern of serum osteocalcin. [3]
  • Glucocorticoids increase bone resorption, inhibit bone formation and have an indirect action on bone by decreasing intestinal Ca(2+) absorption, but also inducing a sustained renal Ca(2+) excretion. [4]
  • The CYP 2C8 and 2C9 promoters contain a glucocorticoid-responsive element that is recognized and transactivated by glucocorticoid receptor. Identification of this functional element provides a rational mechanistic basis for the induction of CYP 2C protein and an increase in EDHF-mediated responses in porcine coronary arteries by cortisol. [5]

Classification

Hormone function

  • CNS function
    • stress response

    Chemical classification

    • hormone
      • not genome-encoded
        • sterol lipids
          • steroids
            • glucocorticoids

      Composition

      KEGG C00735

      Links to other resources

      KEGG C00735
      LIPID MAPS LMST02030001
      LipidBank SST0244

      • Anatomical structure: adrenal_cortex

        Influenced by:

        • VPAC1
          in adrenal_cortex
          • Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) was shown in a dose-dependent manner to increase cortisol secretion in human adrenocortical carcinoma, coupled with a parallel increase in cAMP accumulation. Treatment with the VPAC1 receptor agonist, produced a dose-dependent increase in cortisol secretion similar to that seen with VIP. [6]
          • VIP directly stimulates cortisol secretion via activation of the VPAC1 receptor subtype. [6]
        • BMP receptor type II
          in adrenal_cortex
          • In contrast to BMP-6, it could be recently demonstrated that both BMP-2 and BMP-5 are able to overall suppress forskolin-induced steroidogenesis in NCIh295R cells. [7]
          • Specifically, secretion of cortisol, was reduced by BMP-2 and BMP-5 in a dose-dependent manner. [7]

      • Anatomical structure: cell_of_adrenal_gland_zona_fasciculata

        Influenced by:

        • ACTH receptor
          in cell_of_adrenal_gland_zona_fasciculata
        • IL-6R
          in cell_of_adrenal_gland_zona_fasciculata
        • 5-hydroxytryptamine receptor 4
          in cell_of_adrenal_gland_zona_fasciculata
          • Serotonin-induced stimulation of cortisol secretion from human adrenocortical tissue is mediated through activation of a serotonin4 receptor subtype. [8]

      • Anatomical structure: hair_follicle

        Influenced by:

        • CRF-R1
          in hair_follicle
          • Isolated human hair follicles secrete substantial levels of cortisol and this activity is further up-regulated by CRH. [9]

      Targets

      Cellglucocorticoid receptormineralcorticoid receptor
      brain Present
      cardiac myocyte Present
      cerebellum Present
      colon Present
      eosinophil granulocyte Present
      epidermis Present
      epithelial cell Present
      Phenotypes
      • multicellular organismal water homeostasis
      heart Present
      hepatocyte Present
      Influences
      • ↑ IGF-1
      • ↓ CBG
      hippocampus Present
      hypothalamus Present
      Influences
      • ↓ CRH
      • ↓ orexin-A
      • ↓ CRH
      kidney Present
      		Present
      Phenotypes
      • Hypoaldosteronism
      • Primary Hyperaldosteronism
      lung Present
      macrophage Present
      Phenotypes
      • hypertension
      • abdominal obesity-metabolic syndrome
      • negative regulation of immune response
      • osteoporosis
      • atherosclerosis
      		Present
      Phenotypes
      • positive regulation of immune response
      • fibrosis
      • production of molecular mediator involved in inflammatory
      • atherosclerosis
      • hypertension
      major salivary glands Present
      microglial cell in central nervous system Present
      Phenotypes
      • negative regulation of immune response
      		Present
      Phenotypes
      • positive regulation of immune response
      nasal mucosa Present
      neutrophil granulocyte Present
      peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) Present
      pituitary gland of diencephalon Present
      skeleton muscle Present
      spleen Present
      		Present
      thymus Present
      Reference