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Details for messenger / hormone: norepinephrine

EndoNet ID: ENH00043

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Synonyms

  • norepinephrine
  • noradrenaline
  • L-noradrenaline
  • 4-[(1R)-2-amino-1-hydroxyethyl]-1,2-benzenediol

General information

  • Noradrenaline is mainly deactivated by monoamine oxidase A (MAOA) into 3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenylglycol (MHPG). [1]

Classification

Hormone function

  • CNS function
    • neurotransmitter
    • homeostasis
      • hormone precursor

      Chemical classification

      • hormone
        • not genome-encoded
          • amino acids
            • tyrosine-derived
              • catecholamines

        Composition

        KEGG C00547

        Links to other resources

        • Anatomical structure: adrenal_medulla

          Influenced by:

          • PACAP-R-1
            in adrenal_medulla
            • VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, PACAP-R-1 being coupled to AC. [2]
          • VPAC1
            in adrenal_medulla
            • VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, VPAC1 being coupled to both AC and PLC. [2]
          • VPAC2
            in adrenal_medulla
            • VIP and PACAP stimulate the synthesis and release of adrenomedullary catecholamines, and all three subtypes of PACAP/VIP receptors mediate this effect, VPAC2 being coupled to PLC. [2]

        • Anatomical structure: chromaffin_cell

          Influenced by:

          • leptin receptor
            in paraventricular_nucleus_of_hypothalamus
            • Leptin lowers noradrenalin concentration in PNV [3]

        • Anatomical structure: central_nerve_system_element

          Influenced by:

          • alpha-2A adrenoreceptor
            in cerebellar_cortex
            • Alpha 2 adrenergic receptors mediate synaptic transmission in pre- and postsynaptic nerve terminals by decreasing the release of norepinephrine (due to the inhibition of the norepinephrine system in the brain) and acetylcholine. [4]
          • alpha-2B adrenoreceptor
            in cerebellar_cortex
            • Alpha 2 adrenergic receptors mediate synaptic transmission in pre- and postsynaptic nerve terminals by decreasing the release of norepinephrine (due to the inhibition of the norepinephrine system in the brain) and acetylcholine. [4]
          • alpha-2C adrenoreceptor
            in cerebellar_cortex
            • Alpha 2 adrenergic receptors mediate synaptic transmission in pre- and postsynaptic nerve terminals by decreasing the release of norepinephrine (due to the inhibition of the norepinephrine system in the brain) and acetylcholine. [4]

        • Anatomical structure: locus_caeruleus

        • Anatomical structure: hippocampus

          Influenced by:

          • 5-HT3 receptor
            in hippocampus
            • The activation of 5-HT-3 receptors mediate increased potassium- evoked release of noradrenalin from preloaded slice of rabbit hippocampus. [5]

        Targets

        Cellalpha 1 adrenoceptoralpha 2 adrenoceptoralpha-2A adrenoreceptoralpha-2B adrenoreceptorbeta-1 adrenoreceptorbeta-2 adrenoreceptorbeta-3 adrenoreceptor
        adipose tissue Present
        Influences
        • ↓ leptin
        		Present
        Phenotypes
        • positive regulation of lipid catabolic process
        adrenal gland Present
        Phenotypes
        • Pheochromocytoma
        basket cell Present
        		Present
        beta cell of islet of Langerhans Present
        Influences
        • ↑ insulin
        		Present
        Influences
        • ↑ insulin
        cardiac muscle Present
        Phenotypes
        • positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction
        		Present
        Phenotypes
        • positive regulation of cardiac muscle contraction
        		Present
        cerebellar cortex Present
        Influences
        • ↓ norepinephrine
        • ↓ acetylcholine
        		Present
        Influences
        • ↓ norepinephrine
        • ↓ acetylcholine
        cerebellar cortex Present
        		Present
        dentate nucleus Present
        fat cell Present
        Influences
        • ↓ leptin
        		Present
        Influences
        • ↓ PAI-1
        • ↓ leptin
        		Present
        Influences
        • ↑ insulin
        Golgi cell Present
        Phenotypes
        • regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic membrane potential
        		Present
        Phenotypes
        • regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic membrane potential
        granular layer of cerebellar cortex Present
        Phenotypes
        • regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential
        		Present
        Phenotypes
        • regulation of excitatory postsynaptic membrane potential
        kidney Present
        Influences
        • ↑ renin
        lymphocyte Present
        mast cell Present
        Phenotypes
        • negative regulation of angiogenesis
        		Present
        Phenotypes
        • negative regulation of angiogenesis
        Influences
        • ↓ histamine
        osteoblast Present
        Influences
        • ↑ interleukin 6
        • ↑ IL-11
        peripheral blood mononuclear cell (PBMC) Present
        pineal cell Present
        Influences
        • ↑ melatonin
        Purkinje cell Present
        Phenotypes
        • regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic membrane potential
        		Present
        Phenotypes
        • regulation of inhibitory postsynaptic membrane potential
        Reference