Details for messenger / hormone: serotonin

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General information
Classification

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EndoNet ID: ENH00166

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Synonyms

serotonin
5HT
5-hydroxytryptamine
5-OH-tryptamin
5-HT

General information

Small-molecule neurotransmitter.
It is synthesized from tryptophan in serotonergic neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and enterochromaffin cells in the gastrointestinal tract of animals including humans. [1]
More than 12 distinct mammalian serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes have been identified, all of which are G protein-coupled receptors linked to a variety of signal trancduction cascades. These subtypes exhibit subtype-specific distribution with the CNS and mediate distinct behavioral effects of 5-HT. [1]
Other Functions than Neurotransmitter: regulation of food intake, energy balance, cardiovascular control, pulmonary control [2]

Classification

Hormone function

CNS function
- learning / memory
- pain
- mood / behaviour
- circadian rhythm / sleep
- stress response
- motor activity
- neurotransmitter
homeostasis
- tissue homeostasis
- pulmonary control
- hormone precursor
- cardiovascular control
- ion flow control
- further hormone secretion
development and growth
- cancer / metastasis
- growth stimulation
- growth inhibition
- apoptosis
- embryogenesis
- environment adaptation
immune response
- activation
- inhibition
metabolism
- cell metabolism
- nutrient supply
reproduction and sexual differentiation
- sexual differentiation
- reproduction

Chemical classification

hormone
- genome-encoded
  - insulin-like growth factor binding protein related
  - IGFBP family
  - somatostatin family
  - galanin-family
  - parathyroid hormone family
  - kisspeptin family
  - GnRH family
  - peptidase S1 family
  - collagen-like domain
  - Alpha-2-macroglobulin family
  - resistin/FIZZ family
  - serpin family
  - frizzled family
  - TRH family
  - CCN family
  - antimicrobial peptides
    - alpha-defensin family
    - beta-defensin family
  - immunoglobulin superfamily
  - POMC family
  - corticotrophin-releasing factor family
  - natriuretic peptides
  - apelins
  - calcitonin family
  - Wnt family
  - peptide neurotransmitters
    - neurotensins
    - tachykinins
    - endothelins
    - neuropeptide B/W family
    - FaRP family
    - opioid neuropeptides
    - NPY family
  - chemotaxins
  - kinins
  - polyglutamine proteins
  - vasopressin/oxytocin family
  - insulin family
  - lipocalins/fatty acid-binding proteins
  - chromogranin/secretogranin family
  - thymosin beta family
  - cytokines
    - FAM3 family
    - granulin family
    - IL-1 family
    - osteopontin family
    - Leptin family
    - neuregulin-family
    - IL-10 family
    - heparin-binding growth factors
    - PDGF/VEGF growth factor family
    - IL-17 family
    - TNF family
    - EGF family
    - interferons
    - IL-6-type cytokines
    - TGF-beta family
    - chemokines
      - C chemokines
      - CXC chemokines
      - CC chemokines
  - gastrointestinal hormones
    - preprogastrin-derived peptides
      - non-classical gastrins
      - classical gastrins
    - incretins
  - apoproteins
  - small-molecule neurotransmitters
  - glucagon family
  - glycoprotein hormones family
    - stanniocalcin family
    - gonadotropic hormones
  - renin-angiotensin system
  - growth hormones
  - endothelin/sarafotoxin family
  - ephrin family
  - fetuin family
  - cystatin family
  - AVIT (prokineticin) family
  - SAA family
- not genome-encoded
  - phospholipid derivatives
  - sterol lipids
    - steroids
      - progestins
      - estrogens
      - androgens
      - mineralcorticoids
      - glucocorticoids
    - secosteroids
  - eicosanoids/fatty acid derivatives
    - hydroxy/hydroperoxyeicosatetraenoic acids
    - hydroxy/hydroperoxyeicosapentaenoic acids
    - isoprostanes
    - levuglandins
    - hepoxilins
    - lipoxins
    - leukotrienes
    - prostanoids
      - prostacyclins
      - prostaglandins
      - thromboxanes
  - amino acids
    - aspartic acids
    - glutamate-derived
    - tryptophan-derived
    - tyrosine-derived
      - catecholamines
      - thyroid hormones

Composition

KEGG

C00780

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