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Details for messenger / hormone: VIP

EndoNet ID: ENH00125

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Synonyms

  • VIP
  • peptide histidine methioninamide 27
  • VIP peptides
  • vasointestinal peptide
  • vasoactive intestinal polypeptide
  • vasoactive intestinal peptide

General information

  • During neurogenesis, VIP stimulates the proliferation and differentiation of brain neurons. [1]
  • VIP causes vasodilation, lowers arterial blood pressure, stimulates myocardial contractility, increases glycogenolysis and relaxes the smooth muscle of trachea, stomach and gall bladder. [2]
  • VIP-stimulated astrocytes secrete neuroprotective proteins, including activity-dependent neurotrophic factor (ADNF) and activity-dependent neuroprotective protein (ADNP), as well as a number of cytokines. [3]
  • VIP promotes release of astroglia-derived factors that provide neuroprotection, such as: IL-1, IL-6, MIP, NT-3, RANTES, PN-1, ADNF, ADNP, and their active fragments ADNF-14, ADNF-9 and NAP. [3]
  • Secreted protein causing vasodilatation.
  • Exerts a relaxing action on tracheal smooth muscle which is mediated through interaction with VIP receptors. The deficiency of VIP in the airways has been implicated in the pathogenesis of asthma. [4]
  • IGF-I and VIP regulate cAMP-CREB-dependent transcription via the MAPK pathway in pituitary cells. [5]
  • VIP induces c-fos expression in prostate cancer cells through a mechanism that involves Ca2+ signalling. [6]
  • VIP functions as a mitogenic agent in the human prostate gland acting by autocrine/paracrine mechanisms. [7]
  • Vasoactive intestinal peptide is an immunomodulator with great potential in the treatment of inflammatory pathology. [8]

Classification

Hormone function

  • homeostasis
    • cardiovascular control

    Chemical classification

    Composition

    Vasoactive intestinal peptide

    Sequence 
    HSDAVFTDN YTRLRKQMA VKKYLNSIL 
N
    UniProt P01282

    Intestinal peptide PHM-27

    UniProt P01282
    KEGG hsa:7432

    Intestinal peptide PHV-42

    Sequence 
    HADGVFTSD FSKLLGQLS AKKYLESLM 
GKRVSSNIS EDPVPV
    UniProt P01282
    KEGG hsa:7432

    Links to other resources

    UniProt P01282
    Ensembl ENST00000367244
    KEGG hsa:7432

    • Anatomical structure: acidophil_mammotroph_cell_of_anterior_pituitary

    • Anatomical structure: basophil_gonadotroph_cell_of_anterior_pituitary_FSH

    • Anatomical structure: duodenum

      • VIP-positive cells were detected in a crypt of the human duodenum. [10]

    • Anatomical structure: brain

    Targets

    CellVPAC1VPAC2
    acinar cell of pancreas Present
    Phenotypes
    • positive regulation of secretion
    		Present
    Phenotypes
    • positive regulation of secretion
    adrenal cortex Present
    Influences
    • ↑ cortisol
    adrenal medulla Present
    Influences
    • ↑ ACTH
    • ↑ dopamine
    • ↑ norepinephrine
    • ↑ epinephrine
    		Present
    Influences
    • ↑ ACTH
    • ↑ dopamine
    • ↑ norepinephrine
    • ↑ epinephrine
    brain Present
    Phenotypes
    • regulation of immune system process
    • regulation of circadian rhythm
    • regulation of exocrine and endocrine secretion
    • sensory perception of pain
    • suppression of inflammation
    cell of adrenal gland zona glomerulosa Present
    Influences
    • ↑ aldosterone
    		Present
    Influences
    • ↑ aldosterone
    chromaffin cell Present
    Phenotypes
    • positive regulation of catecholamine secretion
    		Present
    Phenotypes
    • positive regulation of catecholamine secretion
    heart Present
    helper T cell Th1 Present
    Phenotypes
    • cell maturation
    hepatocyte Present
    Phenotypes
    • regulation of cell proliferation
    kidney Present
    Phenotypes
    • positive regulation of vasodilation
    osteoblast Present
    Phenotypes
    • negative regulation of bone resorption
    placenta Present
    Phenotypes
    • regulation of systemic arterial blood pressure
    Reference