Status
Please wait ...

Details for anatomical structure: digestive system

EndoNet ID: ENC00365

To link to the content of EndoNet use the EndoNet ID that is given on the detail pages in the format ENX0000, where X is a place holder for the type of the component (e. g. R for receptor or C for anatomical structure).
As URL for the linking append this ID to the detail page for this type of component.
For an hormone that would be: 

http://endonet.bioinf.med.uni-goettingen.de/hormone/ENH00000

It is also possible to use the search of EndoNet to link to the right detail page. The URL should look like 

http://endonet.bioinf.med.uni-goettingen.de/search/ENC00000
If the search pattern is unambigious the user is directed to the corresponding detail page.

Synonyms

digestive system, alimentary system, alimentary apparatus, Systema digestorium

General information

The digestive tract from the mouth to the anus with all its associated glands and organs; responsible for resorption and excretion of nutritional components

Links to other resources

Cytomer cy0014653

Larger structures

    Substructures

    • duodenum
    • T-lymphocyte
    • dendritic_cell_in_lymphoid_tissues_follicular
    • hepatocyte
    • large_intestine
    • appendix
    • memory_cell_T
    • dendritic_cell_in_lymphoid_tissues
    • Kupffer_cell_stellate_cell_of_liver
    • muscle
    • sinusoidal_endothelial_cell
    • glial_cell_of_peripheral_nervous_system
    • duodenal_enterocyte
    • tonsil
    • lymphocyte
    • liver
    • pancreas
    • mesenchyme_cell
    • macrophage
    • pancreatic_islets
    • stomach
    • D_cell
    • epithelial_cell_with_microvilli
    • acinar_cell_of_pancreas
    • muscularis_of_uterus
    • zymogenic_cell_of_gastric_gland
    • ileum
    • endothelial_cell
    • skeleton_muscle
    • lipocyte_of_liver
    • helper_T_cell_Th1
    • killer_T_cell
    • jejunum
    • helper_T_cell_Th2
    • red_blood_cell
    • mast_cell
    • oesophagus
    • rectum
    • mucosa_of_small_intestine
    • alveolar_macrophage
    • submandibular_gland
    • B-lymphocyte
    • lymphoblast
    • intestinal_smooth_muscle_cell
    • cardiac_myocyte
    • Müllers_radial_cell_of_retina
    • major_salivary_glands
    • alpha_cell_of_islet_of_Langerhans
    • muscularis_of_bronchus
    • smooth_muscle
    • osteoblast
    • monocyte
    • fibroblast
    • Schwann_cell
    • cell:plasma_cell
    • small_intestine
    • gallbladder
    • mucosa_of_gastric_wall
    • suppressor_T_cell
    • smooth_muscle_cell
    • oxyntic_cell_of_gastric_gland
    • mesodermal_cell
    • caecum
    • beta_cell_of_islet_of_Langerhans
    • epithelial_cell
    • cardiac_muscle
    • G_cell
    • prostate
    • colon
    • osteocyte

    Secreted hormones

    • Hormone: uteroglobin

    • Hormone: endothelin-2

      • Endothelin (ET)-2, an ET family peptide, is highly expressed in intestine. [1]

    • Hormone: EG-VEGF

    • Hormone: humanin

    • Hormone: REG1A

    • Hormone: somatostatin

      Influenced by:

      • CCK-2
        in digestive_system

    • Hormone: GLP-1

      • Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a gut peptide that, together with its receptor, GLP-1R, is expressed in the brain. [2]

    • Hormone: PYY(3-36)

      • It is secreted in the L-cells of the gastrointestinal tract after nutrition uptake [3]

    Receptors

    • Receptor: neuromedin B receptor

      Induced phenotype:

      • induction of smooth muscle contraction
        • NMB and activation of NMB receptors are known to stimulate the contraction of GI smooth muscles. [4]

    • Receptor: hepatocyte growth factor receptor

    • Receptor: PPAR-alpha

      • PPARα is expressed at high levels in organs that carry out significant catabolism of fatty acids such as the brown adipose tissue, liver, heart, kidney, and intestine [5]

    • Receptor: EGFR isoform a

    • Receptor: CaSR

    • Receptor: CCK-2

      Influences:

      • somatostatin

    • Receptor: PRLR

      Induced phenotype:

      • increase in size of intestinal mucosa
        • PRL induces an increase in the size of the intestinal mucosa. [6]
      • multicellular organismal water homeostasis
        • increased water and salt absorption in intestine [7]
        • Duodenum: Na+ and Ca2+ [8]
        • Jejunum: Na+, K+, Ca2+ [9]
        • Ileum: Na+, Cl-, K+, Ca2+ [10]
        • Colon: Na+ and Cl- [11]

    • Receptor: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 1

      Induced phenotype:

      • gastrointestinal cancer
        • LPA is implicated in the progression of gastrointestinal cancers. LPA stimulates proliferation, migration, and invasion primarily through the activation of LPA1. [12]

    • Receptor: Lysophosphatidic acid receptor 2

      Induced phenotype:

      • gastrointestinal cancer
        • LPA is implicated in the progression of gastrointestinal cancers. LPA stimulates proliferation, migration, and invasion primarily through the activation of LPA2. [13]
    Reference